Joint Topology and Cost Optimization for Segmented Fronthaul in User-Centric Distributed Massive MIMO Systems

This paper investigates topology optimization and deployment cost modeling in a user-centric distributed Massive MIMO architecture, also known as cell-free networks, where transmission and reception points (TRPs) are interconnected and linked to a central processing unit (CPU) through serial fronthaul links. A dimensioning framework is proposed, incorporating cabling and transceiver cost considerations, with optimization focused on reducing serial fronthaul chains and improving CPU placement to minimize cabling length. The solution is compared with a literature baseline under similar assumptions and evaluated under more realistic conditions. Results show the proposed approach outperforms the baseline and remains effective under more practical conditions.