Far Field, Near Field and SAR Simulation for Cell Phones Operating Close to the Head

"The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to calculate the cellular phone far and near field and the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the user\u2019s head is described. The conventional \u03bb/4 monopole and a simple planar antenna are simulated. A multidimensional grid is developed to optimize simulations in the near and in the far field, in the presence and in the absence of the cellular phone user\u2019s head at 1.9 GHz. These calculations show that significant improvement in the antenna radiation efficiency and in the reduction of the SAR in the head are 1 obtained when planar antennas are used."